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比赛场馆
National Speed Skating Oval
国家速滑馆
The National Speed Skating Oval will host the speed skating competitions during the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. People would love to address it as "The Ice Ribbon", the shape of which resembles the skating trails of fast-speed skaters. The skating hall of the Oval has an ice surface of about 12,000 square meters, making it the largest speed skating stadium in Asia. The Oval is the world's first Winter Olympic venue using carbon dioxide transcritical direct cooling ice-making technology. The temperature difference on the ice surface does not exceed 0.5 degrees centigrade, which is beneficial for athletes to log good results.
国家速滑馆是2022年北京冬奥会和冬残奥会期间速滑项目的比赛场地。因其建筑外形就像速滑运动员高速滑行时留下的轨迹，人们也称其为“冰丝带”。作为亚洲最大的速滑场地，场地冰面面积达1.2万平方米。国家速滑馆是世界上第一个采用二氧化碳跨临界直接冷却制冰技术的冬奥会场馆，冰面温差不超过0.5摄氏度，更有利于运动员取得好成绩。
Wukesong gymnasium
五棵松体育馆
Wukesong gymnasium was designed and built for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. It has an instantly recognisable exterior, which can be lit up in an array of different colours at night. In 2015, work began on the arena to install an ice rink – which can be converted back into a basketball court in under six hours. In 2016, the gymnasium was an arena for both basketball and ice hockey events. After a modification of its ice making and dehumidification systems, it can switch between ice hockey and basketball setups.
五棵松体育馆是为2008年北京奥运会设计和建造的，其建筑外观极易识别，夜间呈现不同色彩。2015年，五棵松体育馆铺设了冰场。2016年起，该馆同时成为职业篮球和职业冰球两项赛事的主场。经过对场馆制冰和除湿系统的改造，场馆实现了六小时内完成冰球、篮球比赛模式的转换。
Chinese National Alpine Skiing Centre
国家高山滑雪中心
The Chinese National Alpine Skiing Centre is situated in the Xiaohaituo Mountain Area in northwest Yanqing. The starting point of the skiing centre has a maximum steepness of 68 degrees—one of the steepest race tracks in the world. With a kite-like shape, this structure tops off at the highest altitude in Beijing. The skiing centre has seven ski slopes with a total length of about 9.2 kilometres and its largest vertical drop reaches 893 meters.
国家高山滑雪中心位于延庆西北小海陀山区，其滑降赛道最大坡度达68度，是世界上最难最险的赛道之一。它形似一只风筝，是北京海拔最高的建筑。滑雪中心有7个赛道，全长约9.2公里，垂直落差达893米。
National Indoor Stadium
国家体育馆
In 2022, the National Indoor Stadium will be the venue for the para ice hockey during the Paralympics. In its upgrade and reconstruction project, a new ice hockey training hall has been built on the north side of the main hall. The facade of the training hall is decorated with 863 pieces of ice flower pattern embossed glass, so the National Indoor Stadium is nicknamed as Ice Castle.
国家体育馆是2022年北京冬残奥会的冰球比赛场地。通过升级改造，在主比赛厅的北侧新建了一个训练馆。新建训练馆的外面由863块冰花图案的压花玻璃装饰，因此国家体育馆被称为“冰堡”。
National Ski Jumping Center
国家跳台滑雪中心
The National Ski Jumping Center is built halfway up the mountains in the Guyangshu area, Zhangjiakou. Featuring two slopes and located around 1,750 meters above sea level, the center's S-type curve resembles the shape of a jade Ruyi scepter, a traditional Chinese ceremonial object－earning it the nickname "Snow Ruyi".
国家跳台滑雪中心位于张家口群山环绕的古杨树场馆群。中心设有两条赛道，赛道起点的海拔高度约1750米。场馆 S型的曲线宛若中国传统吉祥饰物“如意”，因此又被称为“雪如意”。
冬奥会部分比赛项目
Figure skating
花样滑冰
Singles events are performed by one person, whereas a pair event is always a man and a woman, who together perform difficult and amazing tricks such as spins and jumps as they skate across the smooth surface of the ice. Ice dancing is similar to pairs figure skating. It is always done by a team comprised of a man and a woman. They must do four dances, and two of these dances are the same for all dancers. The other two dances are called the "original dance" and "free dance" respectively. The skaters are ranked by judges according to their technical score and presentation score.
男女单人滑比赛中，比赛按短节目和自由滑的顺序分两天进行。双人滑由一名男运动员和一名女运动员配对参赛，分短节目和自由滑两个项目，两个项目总分构成最终成绩。冰上舞蹈由一男一女配对比赛，比赛按短舞蹈和自由舞的顺序进行。双人滑和冰上舞蹈的主要区别在于技术动作。
Short track speed skating
短道速滑
The short track events occur on a 111-meter oval track. The skaters race in a pack of 4-8 at a time, and the first person crossing the finish line is the winner.
短道速滑项目通常在室内冰场举行，比赛所用跑道周长约111米。短道速滑比赛采用淘汰制，4到8运动员在同一条起跑线上起跑出发，以到达终点先后顺序论胜负。
Bobsleigh
雪车
Bobsleigh is a winter sport invented by the Swiss in the 19th century. In 1924, a four-man race took place at the first ever Olympic Winter Games in Chamonix. A two-man event was added at the 1932 Lake Placid Games in a format that has remained to the present. The first women's bobsleigh event - the two-woman bobsled - was held in 2002 at the Salt Lake Winter Games in the United States.
19世纪末期，雪车运动在瑞士出现。1924年，在法国夏蒙尼第一届冬奥会上，男子四人雪车被列入正式比赛项目。1932年美国普莱西德湖第三届冬奥会增设男子双人雪车，2002年美国盐湖城第19届冬奥会首次设置女子双人比赛。
Skeleton
钢架雪车
Skeleton is considered the world's first sliding sport. Skeleton appeared at the 1928 and 1948 St. Moritz Winter Games. These were indeed its only two appearances before it was permanently added to the Olympic program in 2002 at the Salt Lake Winter Games. Since then, there have been two events: one men's and one women's.
钢架雪车被认为是世界上第一项滑行运动。1928年和1948年的圣莫里茨冬奥会，是钢架雪车项目在奥运会的两次亮相，也是该项目回归2002年盐湖城冬奥会之前仅有的两次亮相。从2002年冬奥会开始钢架雪车男子和女子项目正式列入冬奥会比赛项目。
Nordic Combined
北欧两项
Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete incross-country skiing and ski jumping. Until the 1950s, the cross-country race was held first, followed by the ski jumping. This was reversed as the score advantage in the cross-country race tended to be too big to overcome in ski jumping.
北欧两项是一个包含了越野滑雪和跳台滑雪的冬季体育项目。20世纪50年代前，运动员先进行的是越野滑雪的比赛，之后再参加跳台滑雪，后来对比赛顺序进行了调整，因为运动员在越野滑雪所获得的得分优势，很难在跳台滑雪当中被赶超。
Cross-country skiing
越野滑雪
Cross-country skiing is a form of skiing where skiers rely on their own locomotion to move across snow-covered terrain, rather than using ski lifts or other forms of assistance. Cross-country skiing is widely practiced as a sport and recreational activity; however, some still use it as a means of transportation.
越野滑雪是一项靠滑雪运动员自身力量在雪地前行的一项滑雪运动。运动员需要穿越大雪覆盖的田野，同时在前行的时候，不需要上山吊椅或其他的辅助设备来进行运动。越野滑雪既是一项大众非常喜欢的体育运动，同时也是一个帮助大家放松休闲的活动，也有人把越野滑雪当作自己的交通方式。
Alpine skiing
高山滑雪
Alpine skiing is one of the signature competitions at the Winter Olympics. Competitors regularly reach speeds of up to 152 km/h, all while navigating a winding course full of sharp turns and soaring jumps. There are 11 events in the Alpine competition at the 2022 Games, with 33 medals up for grabs. Alpine skiing is one of the most physically demanding sports in the Winter Olympic Games, which is arguably reflected in the fact that in the entire history of Alpine skiing at the Winter Games, only five athletes have successfully defended their Olympic crowns across all events in the competition.
高山滑雪是冬奥会的标志性比赛项目之一。2022年北京冬奥会的高山滑雪比赛分为11个小项，将产生33枚奖牌。比赛时，选手们在弯曲的赛道上快速回转、滑降，速度能达到152公里/小时。高山滑雪是冬奥会中对体力要求最高的运动项目之一，历届冬奥会的高山滑雪比赛中，只有5名运动员成功卫冕。
Ski jumping
跳台滑雪
Ski jumping has been a part of the Winter Olympic programme since the first Games in Chamonix in 1924, when the men's large hill was the sole event. A normal hill competition was added for the 1964 Innsbruck Games, with the men's team large hill joining the programme in 1988. The women's competition was only added for the 2014 Sochi Games, while the mixed team event is new for 2022.
自1924年夏蒙尼冬奥会起，跳台滑雪成为了冬奥会的比赛项目，当时唯一的比赛项目是男子大跳台。在1964年因斯布鲁克冬奥会中，个人标准台项目被列入比赛项目。1988年，男子大跳台团体项目成为冬奥会比赛项目。在2014年索契冬奥会上，女子跳台滑雪项目被列为比赛项目。2022年北京冬奥会新增混合团体项目作为比赛项目。
冬残奥会部分比赛项目
Wheelchair Curling
轮椅冰壶
Wheelchair curling is an adaptation of curling for athletes with a disability affecting their lower limbs or gait. It is played with the same rocks and on the same ice as regular curling, though the rocks are thrown from a stationary wheelchair and there is no sweeping. Rocks may be thrown by hand while leaning over the side of the wheelchair, or pushed by a delivery stick.
轮椅冰壶是为下肢有残疾或者走路不便的运动员设计的比赛。轮椅冰壶运动员必须坐在轮椅上进行比赛，比赛采用和健全人同样的规则，差别仅在于轮椅冰壶比赛没有刷冰，且投壶者必需在固定的轮椅上掷壶。除了可以用手掷壶外，还可以用投掷杆掷壶。
Para cross-country skiing
残奥滑雪
Para cross-country skiing first appeared at the 1976 Winter Paralympic Games in Sweden. The competition is open to athletes with a physical impairment and vision impairment. As a recreational activity, it is widely practiced among winter sport lovers; however, some still use it as a means of transportation.
残奥滑雪首次出现在1976年的冬季瑞典残奥会上。身体和视觉方面有残疾的运动员可以参加这项比赛。作为一项休闲活动，残奥越野滑雪受到了很多冬季运动爱好者的欢迎，另外有一些人则把这项运动作为了自己的一种交通方式。
Para Snowboard
残奥单板滑雪
The para snowboard competition includes male and female athletes with a physical impairment such as spinal injury, cerebral palsy and amputation. After many years of campaigning, in 2012 it was announced that snowboard would make its debut at the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games as part of the alpine skiing program.
残奥单板滑雪比赛分男女项目，参赛选手均为残疾运动员。经过多年推广，残奥单板滑雪比赛首次作为高山滑雪项目的子项目出现在2014年的索契冬奥会上。
Para ice hockey
残奥冰球
Since its debut at Lillehammer 1994 Winter Games, the Paralympic version of ice hockey has quickly become one of the largest attractions for spectators. It is fast-paced, highly physical and played by male and female athletes with a physical impairment in the lower part of the body.
1994年的利勒哈默尔冬奥会上，残奥冰球被正式列为比赛项目，并很快成为了最受观众欢迎的项目之一。残奥冰球比赛节奏快、对抗性强，参加这项运动的都是下肢残疾的运动员。
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